ozi

1. Nchịkọta ngwaahịa
Mbiri nke polyacrylamide (amide)
polyacrylamide (PAM)
Ihe dị ọcha dị ọcha
Polyacrylamide, nke a na-akpọ PAM, kewara n'ime anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), na nonionic (NPAM). Ọ bụ polymer linear na otu n'ime ụdị ogige polymer na-agbaze mmiri nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Enwere ike iji Polyacrylamide na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya dị ka flocculants dị irè, ndị na-agbapụta ihe, ndị na-emepụta akwụkwọ na mmiri mmiri na-ebelata ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, wdg, ma na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ịme akwụkwọ, mmanụ ala, coal, Ngwuputa na metallurgy, geology, textiles, construction, wdg. ngalaba mmepụta ihe.

3. Akpachara anya maka ịhọrọ ngwaahịa polyacrylamide:
① Nhọrọ nke flocculant na-echebara usoro na akụrụngwa chọrọ echiche zuru oke.

② Enwere ike ịbawanye ike nke floc site n'ịbawanye ibu arọ nke flocculant.

③ A na-enyocha uru ụgwọ nke flocculant site na nnwale.

④ Mgbanwe ihu igwe (okpomọkụ) na-emetụta nhọrọ nke flocculant.

⑤Họrọ arọ molekụla nke flocculant dịka nha floc chọrọ site na usoro ọgwụgwọ.

⑥ Gwakọta flocculant na sludge nke ọma tupu ọgwụgwọ.
4. Njirimara arụmọrụ:

1. The polyacrylamide molecule nwere ezigbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ike flocculation ike, obere onunu ogwu, na doro anya ọgwụgwọ mmetụta.

2. Ọ nwere ezigbo solubility na ọrụ dị elu. Okooko osisi alum guzobere site na condensation n'ime mmiri dị ukwuu ma dozie ngwa ngwa. Ọ nwere ikike ime ka ọ dị ọcha 2-3 ugboro karịa polymers ndị ọzọ na-agbaze mmiri.

3. Mgbanwe siri ike na obere mmetụta na uru pH na okpomọkụ nke ahụ mmiri. Mgbe emechara nke mmiri dị ọcha, ọ ruru ọkọlọtọ ntụaka mmiri nke mba. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, ihe ndị a kwụsịrị n'ime mmiri na-enweta nzube nke flocculation na nkọwa, nke na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ mgbanwe ion na nkwadebe nke mmiri dị ọcha dị elu.

4. Ọ na-adịchaghị njọ ma dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ike ọrụ na ọnọdụ ọrụ nke usoro dosing.

5. Ngwa ngwa nke polyacrylamide

The polyacrylamide molecule nwere nti mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (-CONH2), nke nwere ike adsorb na àkwà mmiri kwụsịtụrụ agbasasị agbasasị na ngwọta. Ọ nwere mmetụta flocculation siri ike. Ọ nwere ike mee ngwangwa mmezi nke ahụ na nkwusioru, na nwere nnọọ doro anya osooso nke ngwọta. Ọ nwere ike dokwuo anya ma kwalite nzacha, ya mere a na-eji ya eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ike eletriki, Ngwuputa, nkwadebe coal, ngwaahịa asbestos, ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, mpempe akwụkwọ, textile, sugar refining, ọgwụ, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, wdg.
1. Dị ka a flocculant, ọ bụ tumadi na-eji na ulo oru siri ike-mmiri nkewa Filiks, gụnyere sedimentation, nkọwa, itinye uche na sludge akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ: ọgwụgwọ nsị n'obodo ukwu, ụlọ ọrụ mpempe akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nri, ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu na ụlọ ọrụ ọla, ụlọ ọrụ nhazi ịnweta, ụlọ ọrụ ịcha akwa, ụlọ ọrụ shuga na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. A na-eji ya eme ihe maka sludge sedimentation na sludge akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na ọgwụgwọ nke nsị na anụ, anụ ọkụkọ, na nri na-edozi mmiri mmiri. Otu ndị e boro ebubo nke ọma ọ nwere n'ike eletrik na-ewepụ colloid organic ebubo na-adịghị mma na sludge na Njikota na njikọta nke polymers na-akwalite ụmụ irighiri colloidal iji chịkọta n'ime nnukwu flocs wee kewapụ na nkwusioru ha. Mmetụta doro anya na usoro onunu ogwu dị obere.
2. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mpempe akwụkwọ, enwere ike iji ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ike akọrọ akwụkwọ, enyemaka njide na enyemaka nzacha, nke nwere ike imeziwanye àgwà akwụkwọ, chekwaa ego na ịbawanye ikike mmepụta nke igwe igwe. Ọ nwere ike mepụta àkwà mmiri electrostatic na ion nnu inorganic, eriri na polymer organic ndị ọzọ iji welie ike anụ ahụ nke akwụkwọ, belata mfu nke eriri ma ọ bụ ihe ndozi, mee ngwa ngwa nzacha mmiri, ma rụọ ọrụ nkwado, njide na enyemaka nzacha. Enwere ike iji ya maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọcha, n'otu oge ahụ, nwere ike inwe mmetụta flocculation doro anya n'oge usoro deinking.
3. Fiber slurry (asbestos-ciment ngwaahịa) nwere ike melite drainage nke kpụrụ asbestos-ciment ngwaahịa na dịkwuo ike nke asbestos osisi blanks; na bọọdụ mkpuchi, ọ nwere ike melite ikike ijikọ nke mgbakwunye na eriri.
4. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka nkọwa maka mmiri mkpofu m na coal na-asacha mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na coal.
5. Enwere ike iji ya na-emeso mmiri na-esiji agba, mmiri akpụkpọ anụ, na mmiri ara ehi na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpochapụ ihe na-adịghị mma ma mee ka ha gbanwee ka ha nwee ike izute ụkpụrụ nkwụsị.
6. Na phosphoric acid ọcha, ọ na-enyere aka ikewa gypsum na mmiri phosphoric acid usoro.
7. A na-eji dị ka mmiri ọgwụgwọ flocculant na mmiri osisi na osimiri mmiri isi iyi.
6. Uzo eji eme ihe na akpachapụ anya:
1. Jiri mmiri na-anọpụ iche, mmiri na-enweghị nnu iji dozie ngwọta mmiri na ntinye nke 0.2%.
2. Ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa a dị mma maka ọnụ ọgụgụ pH dị iche iche nke mmiri, usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ozuzu bụ 0.1-10ppm (0.1-10mg / L).
3. Gbasara nke ọma. Mgbe ị na-agbaze, kpalie mmiri ahụ nke ọma wee gbakwunye ntụ ntụ ọgwụ nwayọọ nwayọọ na nke ọma iji gbochie mgbochi nke ọkpọkọ na nfuli nke nnukwu flocculation na anya azụ kpatara.
4. The mixing ọsọ bụ n'ozuzu 200 rpm na oge bụ ihe na-erughị 60 nkeji. Ịbawanye okpomọkụ mmiri n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị site na 20-30 degrees Celsius nwere ike ime ka mgbasa ngwa ngwa. Okpomọkụ kachasị nke ọgwụ mmiri mmiri kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị ogo 60.
5. Kpebie usoro onunu ogwu kacha mma. Chọpụta usoro onunu ogwu kacha mma site na nnwale tupu ejiri ya. N'ihi na usoro onunu ogwu dị oke ala, ọ gaghị arụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ dị elu, ọ ga-enwe mmetụta dị iche. Mgbe ọ gafere ụfọdụ ntinye uche, PAM ọ bụghị naanị na ọ naghị agbagharị, kama a na-agbasasị ma jiri ya mee ihe nke ọma.
6. Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ngwaahịa a na ebe dị jụụ, akọrọ iji gbochie mmiri.
7. Ekwesịrị iji mmiri na-asachapụ ebe ọrụ ahụ ugboro ugboro ka ọ dị ọcha. N'ihi nnukwu viscosity ya, PAM gbasasịa n'okpuru ala na-aghọ nke ọma mgbe a na-ekpuchi ya na mmiri, na-egbochi ndị na-arụ ọrụ ka ọ ghara ịdaba ma na-akpata ihe mberede nchekwa.
8. A na-ejikọta ngwaahịa a na akpa rọba na akwa akwa nke dị n'èzí bụ nke a na-eji plastik laminated kpara akpa, akpa ọ bụla bụ 25Kg.
7. Njirimara anụ ahụ na njirimara ojiji
1. Njirimara anụ ahụ: Usoro ihe omimi (CH2CHCONH2) r
PAM bụ polymer linear. Ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịsacha ya na benzene, ethylbenzene, esters, acetone na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbaze organic n'ozuzu. Ngwọta mmiri ya bụ mmiri mmiri viscous fọrọ nke nta ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọ bụ ngwaahịa na-adịghị ize ndụ. Ndị na-adịghị emebi emebi, PAM siri ike bụ hygroscopic, na hygroscopicity na-abawanye na mmụba nke ionity. PAM nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ; ọ na-enwe ezigbo nkwụsi ike mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 100 ° C, ma ọ na-adị mfe ire ere iji mepụta gas nitrogen mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 150 ° C ma ọ bụ karịa. Ọ na-enweta imidization na ọ naghị esiri ya ike na mmiri. Njupụta (g) ml 23°C 1.302. Okpomọkụ mgbanwe iko bụ 153 Celsius. PAM na-egosipụta mmiri na-abụghị Newtonian n'okpuru nrụgide.
2. Njirimara ojiji
Ntugharị: PAM nwere ike wepụ ihe ndị kwụsịtụrụ site na ọkụ eletrik, mgbasa ozi akwa, ma mee flocculation.
Adhesion: Ọ nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka nrapado site na nrụnye, anụ ahụ na kemịkal.
Mbelata nguzogide: PAM nwere ike belata nkwụsi ike nke mmiri. Ịtinye obere PAM na mmiri nwere ike belata nkwụsị nke esemokwu site na 50-80%.
Ọkpụkpụ: PAM nwere mmetụta na-akpụ akpụ n'okpuru ma na-anọpụ iche na ọnọdụ acidic. Mgbe uru pH dị n'elu 10 ° C, PAM na-adị mfe hydrolyzed ma nwee nhazi nke ọkara, na nkwụ ga-apụta ìhè karị.
8. Njikọ na usoro nke polyacrylamide PAM
9. Nkwakọ ngwaahịa na nchekwa nchekwa:
Maka ngwaahịa a, jide n'aka na ị ga-echebe ya pụọ ​​na mmiri, mmiri ozuzo na ìhè anyanwụ.
Oge nchekwa: afọ 2, akpa akwụkwọ 25kg (akpa rọba ejiri akpa akwụkwọ kraft plastik kpuchie n'èzí).